of this article is about Urdu poetry containing the names of important Urdu
poets including Tanwir Phool. The news about international literary award
published in fortnightly "State Bank News" is available just after this article.)
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A brief history of Urdu literature :
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Urdu literature
Urdu literature is comprised with plenty of fictions, nonfictions, prose and poetries compose by a number of accomplished authors and poets. Even though Urdu is the national language of Pakistan, it relishes satisfying celebrity in India. The most former literary works in Urdu were believed to be composed in the 11th -12th century. Amir Khusro, who lived in the 13th century, moulded the development of Urdu language as well as Urdu literature to an extraordinary extent. He is considered to be the founding father of Urdu poetry. Literature works in Urdu included more poesies than the ordinary writing, prose such as ‘Dastaan’ which is the long epical narration generally scripted in Persian or Arabic language. This narration or story may be connected with wild beasts or occurrences in an elaborated way.
Abdul Kalam Azad, an Indian national leader was also a philosophic Urdu writer. His ardent penning has helped to succeed a formal awareness among the people, during the fight for Indian independence. His famous works in literature are ‘Tarjuman-ul-Quran’ and ‘Ghubar-e-Khatir’. Ali Sardar Jafri of Uttar Pradesh, Mirza Mohammad Haji Ruswa and Premchand of 20th century were other fecund writers of Urdu literature. Premchand has penned twelve fictions and three hundred short narratives in Urdu and Hindi. Some of his acknowledged literary works are ‘Karmbhoom’, ‘Gaban’, and ‘Premaashram’.
Bulhe Shah as well as Waris Shah has indited splendid literary works in the 18th century. Stories say that, even after the partition of India and Pakistan had taken place, the pongos on either side of the boundary stood heeding the Waris Shah’s epos ‘Heer Ranjha’. Qurratulain Hyder was the taste-maker of excogitation writings in Urdu. She got Jnanapith Award for the novel ‘Aakhir-e-Shab ke Hamsafaf’. The novel ‘Aag ka Darya’ is her most outstanding piece of work in Urdu, for which she is well known.
Although the auditory sensation of Urdu has some relation with Hindi, there are some distinguishing substantive differences between the two languages. Hindi is usually written in Devanagari script, where as Urdu is generally written in Arabic script. Some words of Urdu are also taken from Turkish. As a result of combination of many languages, Urdu has ginormous set of purposeful and substantive words. The finesse and quality of Urdu literature is really appreciable. Urdu literature was comprised of mystic spiritual poems. Due to the spiritual leeway of the princedoms’ sawyers, Urdu literature adopted Hindu and Muslim motifs.
Poetries in Urdu attained its glorification at the 19th century when some of the excellent poetries were transferred to Ghazals. The evolutionary stage of Urdu poetry was during the 16th and 17th centuries. Muhammad Quli Qutub Shah, the poet of 16th century indited poetries mainly in Persian and Hindavi. Mirza Mazhar Jan-e-Janaan was a famous Urdu poet of the 17th century. Some of the Urdu poets of the 18th, 19th and 20th centuries were Khan Arzu, Mir Taqi Mir who was on among the high grading Urdu poets, Firaq Gorakhpur, Makhdoom Mohiuddin, Bahadur Shah II, Faiz Ahmed Faiz, Dagh Dehivi, Muhammed Iqbal, Tanwir Phool, Ahmad Faraz and Hafeez Jalandhari.
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